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01-传入斯里兰卡

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第 3 行第一章 传入斯里兰卡与大寺无畏山之争2 条佐证

书目著录同据 ×21.9.1-1条0610
所据
[0016] A Handbook of Pāli Literature - Oskar von Hinüber - 1996
书页
版权页
版权页

此页所载版权声明禁止以任何方式复制或传播本书的任何部分。本页书影只为核对该条著录而摆在此处,请勿转载、转贴、下载或另行传播——禁令未开「少量节取」之例,剪一小段同样不在许可之内。

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前据所虑的是各地接受巴利上座部的时期与制度不同,而正文此句只说「地理核心是斯里兰卡,随后扩散到缅甸、泰国、柬埔寨、老挝」,并未称各地同时同制,不必由本条统一核定。四地皆属巴利上座部文献流布之地,Hinüber《Handbook》([0016])可证:書 42 以「the Theravāda countries」统称并记缅甸小部篇目之异;書 135 注记暹罗与柬埔寨本(附高棉译,金边 1953);書 184 记以高棉字写本;参考书目并列 Cœdès 论老挝西部宗教史与 Filliozat〈Pali Manuscripts of Cambodia, Laos and Thailand〉。正文所立「以巴利语经典为正典、以上座部律典为制度基础」之界说亦与该书全书所用 Theravāda canon 一名相合。判确,处置无需更新。

版权页/题名页书影只核本卡所列书目著录,不承担该书的内容主张。

书目著录同据 ×21.9.1-2条0730
所据
[0016] A Handbook of Pāli Literature - Oskar von Hinüber - 1996
书页
版权页
版权页

此页所载版权声明禁止以任何方式复制或传播本书的任何部分。本页书影只为核对该条著录而摆在此处,请勿转载、转贴、下载或另行传播——禁令未开「少量节取」之例,剪一小段同样不在许可之内。

核查结论

前据所虑的是各地接受巴利上座部的时期与制度不同,而正文此句只说「地理核心是斯里兰卡,随后扩散到缅甸、泰国、柬埔寨、老挝」,并未称各地同时同制,不必由本条统一核定。四地皆属巴利上座部文献流布之地,Hinüber《Handbook》([0016])可证:書 42 以「the Theravāda countries」统称并记缅甸小部篇目之异;書 135 注记暹罗与柬埔寨本(附高棉译,金边 1953);書 184 记以高棉字写本;参考书目并列 Cœdès 论老挝西部宗教史与 Filliozat〈Pali Manuscripts of Cambodia, Laos and Thailand〉。正文所立「以巴利语经典为正典、以上座部律典为制度基础」之界说亦与该书全书所用 Theravāda canon 一名相合。判确,处置无需更新。

版权页著录 Oskar von Hinüber、A Handbook of Pāli Literature、de Gruyter、1996 及 ISBN 3-11-014992-3。

第 5 行第一章 传入斯里兰卡与大寺无畏山之争

纸本1.9.1-3条0467
所据
Theravada Buddhism A social history from ancient Benares to modern Colombo - Richard F. Gombrich - 2006
书页
书内第 157–159 页與第 167 页(與 182 页) 书影
书内第 157–159 页與第 167 页(與 182 页)
Theravada Buddhism A social history from ancient Benares to modern Colombo - Richard F. Gombrich - 2006 书影
Theravada Buddhism A social history from ancient Benares to modern Colombo - Richard F. Gombrich - 2006 书影
核查结论

(一)终点 · 确。Richard F. Gombrich《Theravāda Buddhism: A Social History》2nd ed.(Routledge, 2006)書 167:「the 'purification' of the Sangha and council held by Parakkama Bāhu I and the elder Mahā Kassapa in 1164/5」;同页又谓历代净僧之举中「Only one of them … so far as to reunite the whole Sangha: Parakkama Bāhu's act of 1164/5」。前记「须俟《小史》」可销:《小史》仍未,但所需之事已由二手权威给出。(二)

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起点另得一条旁证。同书書 157 把无畏山之立系于「about the time when the Canon was written down, late in the first century bce」,并径称之为「the first recorded split in Theravāda」;其缘起作王以寺赐一僧个人,「The Vinaya knows no precedent for such a gift to an individual」,大寺僧以他事举其罪而摈之,其徒众移居无畏山而绝往来。書 158 记四世纪祇陀林之立,此后「From the fourth century till Parakkama Bāhu's 'purification' in the twelfth century there were three Nikāyas in Ceylon」。(三)一层与通说相左的保留,已写进脚注(書 158–159):「Though the chronicle says that he reunited the Sangha, this expression glosses over the fact that what he did was to abolish the Abhayagiri and Jetavana Nikāyas. He laicized many monks from the Mahā Vihāra Nikāya, all the monks in the other two」,择善者令为沙弥、俟后重受具。所谓统一,实是以王权废两派。他又谓三部派之说「might be more accurate to say that there were three Nikāyas in the capital」,山林兰若未必尽属其一。(四)「近千年」是保守的说法,未改正文。自公元前一世纪末无畏山寺立至一一六四/五年废两派,其间逾一千二百年。正文书 5 行三处量词中,两处(「将近千年的内部争论」「最大一场僧团分裂」)已于 2026-09-03 经作者授权收紧为「长期」「旷日持久」,第三处「持续对峙了近千年」当时未及;今核出其为低估而非高估,故不擅改**,只在脚注写明实际逾一千二百年,作者若欲统一口径可径改。

两寺对峙的起讫。書 157 记无畏山之立與大寺摈僧之由(The Vinaya knows no precedent for such a gift to an individual);書 158 记四世纪祇陀林之立,及 From the fourth century till Parakkama Bāhu's purification in the twelfth century there were three Nikāyas in Ceylon;書 167 记终点 the purification of the Sangha and council held by Parakkama Bāhu I and the elder Mahā Kassapa in 1164/5。一层保留须记(書 158–159):Though the chronicle says that he reunited the Sangha, this expression glosses over the fact that what he did was to abolish the Abhayagiri and Jetavana Nikāyas;又谓三部派之说 might be more accurate to say that there were three Nikāyas in the capital。。

第 9 行一史料有用但须看清来源

纸本1.9.1-4条0248
所据
Oldenberg 编译《The Dīpavaṃsa》(Williams and Norgate, 1879)
书页
导论第 9 页 书影
导论第 9 页
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Oldenberg 导论第 9 页给出断代的四条依据与结论:「The result is, that the Dīpavaṃsa … was written between the beginning of the fourth and the first third of the fifth century」(下限据《小史》所记 Dhātusena(459–477)令于摩哂陀像前岁时公诵《岛史》,上限据其叙事止于 302 年),正文作「约公元四世纪成文」在此区间之内;同页并据文体判《岛史》先于《大史》,与正文「《大史》约五至六世纪、马哈那摩编定」的次序相合。

Oldenberg 断《岛史》成于四世纪初至五世纪前三分之一之间,并判其先于《大史》。

第 17 行二传入摩哂陀与分别说部

书目著录1.9.1-5条0172
所据
The Mahāvaṃsa - Wilhelm Geiger (trans.) - 1912
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书名页

此页所载版权声明禁止以任何方式复制或传播本书的任何部分。本页书影只为核对该条著录而摆在此处,请勿转载、转贴、下载或另行传播——禁令未开「少量节取」之例,剪一小段同样不在许可之内。

核查结论

已核。」「更有他树否?」一系问答,用以验其能否作类与个别之分)。正文明言「本书把这些神异搁置」,是叙述取舍的声明,非事实断言,所核者仅在《大史》确载此三项,已足。

第 21 行二传入摩哂陀与分别说部

纸本1.9.1-6条0249
所据
Oldenberg 编译《The Dīpavaṃsa》(Williams and Norgate, 1879)
书页
书内第 204 页(XVIII 1) 书影
书内第 204 页(XVIII 1)
书内第 142 页(V 51–52) 书影
书内第 142 页(V 51–52)
核查结论

②V.51–52 数部派则作「Seventeen are the heretical sects, and there is one orthodox sect… The most excellent Theravāda … is the complete doctrine of the Jina」,列十八部时用的是「上座部」,不是「分别说」。两处合看,分别说在锡兰传统里是正统的自称与判教语,不是十八部名单上可点名的一部,正与 Geiger「与其说是某个特定部派,不如说是一种哲学倾向」及正文已落实的写法相合。

①岛上比丘通称「holders of the Vibhajja doctrine」;②数十八部时正统一系作 Theravāda,不作 Vibhajjavāda。两处合看,分别说是自称与判教语,非名单上的部派。

第 35 行三巴利三藏的写定

书目著录1.9.1-7条0173
所据
A Handbook of Pāli Literature - Oskar von Hinüber - 1996
书页
版权页
版权页

此页所载版权声明禁止以任何方式复制或传播本书的任何部分。本页书影只为核对该条著录而摆在此处,请勿转载、转贴、下载或另行传播——禁令未开「少量节取」之例,剪一小段同样不在许可之内。

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Norman《Pāli Literature》书内第5、10—11页据《岛史》XX 20—21和《大史》XXXIII 100—101,明确把三藏及注释在斯里兰卡写下置于 Vaṭṭagāmaṇī Abhaya 时期(前29—17年),并说明其后语言形态基本固定;正文“约在公元前一世纪、在斯里兰卡完成”的概括有直接依据。

版权页/题名页书影只核本卡所列书目著录,不承担该书的内容主张。

第 41 行三之二这部藏经能证明什么

纸本1.9.1-8条0312
所据
On the Very Idea of the Pali Canon - Steven Collins - 1990
书页
重印本第 73 页 书影
重印本第 73 页
核查结论

柯林斯 JPTS 15 (1990) 逐一检核三词:pāli 与 aṭṭhakathā 对举,分的是字句之确与释其义,并举 pālimuttaka(不在文本中)等十余处注疏用例,明言「In none of these uses, however, does the term in itself imply that the texts so referred to are a closed list」;tipiṭaka 最早见于公元一世纪碑铭,当时「should be taken to denote not three closed lists of documents, but rather three different genres within the tradition」,并引拉莫特谓三藏之分只证明教团内有三种专业;

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持律者、持经者、持论母者的分工,该文明标「said in the canon to have existed during the Buddha’s lifetime」。buddhavacana 两可:一读为乔达摩亲口所说,一读为「whatever is well-spoken is spoken by the Buddha」。封闭之为大寺派工程,见该文第二节:「at least one of the motives for the decision was the fixation, through writing, of a definitive list of scriptures, at a time when the position of the Mahāvihāra as sole legitimate custodians of Buddhism was under threat」。书影 `collins-jpts-073`(重印本第 73 页)。

柯林斯检核 pāli 一词后的结语:这些用法「In none of these uses, however, does the term in itself imply that the texts so referred to are a closed list.」同页并释「canon」的宽窄两义,窄义即「this closed list of texts, and no others」。

第 49 行三之二这部藏经能证明什么

站内互引1.9.1-9条0351
所指
柯林斯自陈与肖朋同向见该文注三:「The general tenor of the re-evaluation I am recommending here is very much in line with the work being produced by Gregory Schopen, who has shown that for so many things either not found or not emphasised in the Canon, and usually seen as ‘later’ developments, there is in fact extensive evidence in the earliest archaeological and epigraphical remains」——其用力方向确是改由碑铭与考古来裁。
链接
11-汉传的幸存形态 › 03-禅净合流 章级 · 点开即所指之章
核查结论

柯林斯自陈与肖朋同向见该文注三:「The general tenor of the re-evaluation I am recommending here is very much in line with the work being produced by Gregory Schopen, who has shown that for so many things either not found or not emphasised in the Canon, and usually seen as ‘later’ developments, there is in fact extensive evidence in the earliest archaeological and epigraphical remains」——其用力方向确是改由碑铭与考古来裁。四料简那次档案检验见第三卷第十一篇第三章,本书站内互指。

第 51 行三之二这部藏经能证明什么

书目著录1.9.1-10条0352
所据
A Comparative Study of the Majjhima-nikāya Volume 1 - Bhikkhu Anālayo - 2011
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版权页

此页所载版权声明禁止以任何方式复制或传播本书的任何部分。本页书影只为核对该条著录而摆在此处,请勿转载、转贴、下载或另行传播——禁令未开「少量节取」之例,剪一小段同样不在许可之内。

核查结论

「最接近不等于接近」是方法的界限声明,由对勘只能定幸存者之先后这一点直接推出。「巴利本并非处处更古」见 Anālayo《A Comparative Study of the Majjhima-nikāya》导论所述工序:差异「are then discussed in terms of their possible historical causes: sectarian doctrinal slant, the vicissitudes of oral transmission, insertion of commentarial material, translation errors,

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and so on. Where possible, a judgement is then made on which of the versions is most likely to have accurately preserved this or that component of the message」——判归哪一本是逐案的,不预设巴利本胜出。肖朋一轴之别(实践与教法)为本书的分梳, Schopen《Figments and Fragments》可参。

版权页/题名页书影只核本卡所列书目著录,不承担该书的内容主张。

第 53 行三之二这部藏经能证明什么2 条佐证

纸本1.9.1-11条0313
所据
Sarvāstivāda Abhidharma - K. L. Dhammajoti - 2009
书页
书内第 1 页 书影
书内第 1 页
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两项各有其据。①两套七论:Dhammajoti《Sarvāstivāda Abhidharma》书内第 1 页「we are now in possession of only two complete sets: the seven texts of the Theravāda preserved in Pāli, and the seven Sarvāstivāda texts in Chinese translation」(书影 `dhammajoti-001`)。②界线划在遣使之前:Frauwallner《Studies in Abhidharma Literature》书内第 124

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–125 页「Since both schools have a common core in the old, basic stock of their Abhidharma, it is obvious that this core predates the missions and was thus brought to the mission countries as a common heritage. It is, however, equally obvious that the development and transformations of the doctrines we are here dealing with, while treating the same problems, attempt quite different solutions and represent individual developments in the respective [schools]」(书影 `frauwallner-124`)。论母之法在经藏内已见(《长部·集异门经》DN 33)与本书对论藏的分层判断,见 2.2、2.5,本行站内回指。

现存完整的正典阿毗达磨只有两套:「we are now in possession of only two complete sets: the seven texts of the Theravāda preserved in Pāli, and the seven Sarvāstivāda texts in Chinese translation.」同页并指出「the study of these mātṛkā-s had served as a major basis for the development of the abhidharma-piṭaka」,与正文「论母之为方法,经藏里就有现成的样子」相发明。

纸本1.9.1-12条0314
所据
Studies in Abhidharma Literature and the Origins of Buddhist Philosophical Systems - Erich Frauwallner - State University of New York Press 1995
书页
书内第 124 页 书影
书内第 124 页
核查结论

两项各有其据。①两套七论:Dhammajoti《Sarvāstivāda Abhidharma》书内第 1 页「we are now in possession of only two complete sets: the seven texts of the Theravāda preserved in Pāli, and the seven Sarvāstivāda texts in Chinese translation」(书影 `dhammajoti-001`)。②界线划在遣使之前:Frauwallner《Studies in Abhidharma Literature》书内第 124

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–125 页「Since both schools have a common core in the old, basic stock of their Abhidharma, it is obvious that this core predates the missions and was thus brought to the mission countries as a common heritage. It is, however, equally obvious that the development and transformations of the doctrines we are here dealing with, while treating the same problems, attempt quite different solutions and represent individual developments in the respective [schools]」(书影 `frauwallner-124`)。论母之法在经藏内已见(《长部·集异门经》DN 33)与本书对论藏的分层判断,见 2.2、2.5,本行站内回指。

弗劳瓦尔纳把界线划在阿育王遣使之前:「Since both schools have a common core in the old, basic stock of their Abhidharma, it is obvious that this core predates the missions and was thus brought to the mission countries as a common heritage.」下句紧接「It is, however, equally obvious that the development and transformations ... attempt quite different solutions and represent individual developments」,正文「核心方法早出、成体系的七论晚出」两句由此分承。

第 85 行五两寺之争的实质

纸本1.9.1-13条0002
所据
Geiger 译《The Mahāvaṃsa》(PTS, 1912)
书页
书内第 259 页(XXXVI 40–41) 书影
书内第 259 页(XXXVI 40–41)
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Geiger 译本第三十六章:国王「Suppressing the Vetulya-doctrine and keeping heretics in check by his minister Kapila, he made the true doctrine to shine forth in glory」——王压制方广(Vetulya)之说、以大臣迦毗罗禁抑异见;但正文所断为全称命题:「巴利三藏是唯一权威,注释传统是唯一合法诠释,外来的大乘或其他学说一律视为污染」——数起排斥个案不能证成「唯一」「一律」;且大寺自身亦有注疏与纲要之作,其权威结构非仅三藏一层。

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建议改法:改述为「大寺一系以三藏与旧注为准,屡次借王权排斥方广等外来学说」,以事件叙述代全称断言。仍缺注疏序跋、《小史》及僧团史研究,故判“疑”。  已落实(2026-09-03,作者授权):全称断言改为事件叙述。原作「巴利三藏是唯一权威,注释传统是唯一合法诠释,外来学说一律视为污染」,今改作「以三藏与旧注为准,并屡次借王权排斥外来学说:《大史》载国王压制方广(Vetulya)之说、以大臣迦毗罗禁抑异见,又曾令无畏山寺六十名受方广影响者离岛」,所举皆已核之事件。本行改判「确」。

同章第 111–112 颂另记无畏山寺六十人被逐一事,正文所谓「屡次」即指此二事。

第 94 行五两寺之争的实质

纸本1.9.1-14条0278
所据
Geiger 译《The Mahāvaṃsa》(PTS, 1912)
书页
书内第 267 页(XXXVII 3–7) 书影
书内第 267 页(XXXVII 3–7)
核查结论

但本行为表格行,所列「封闭:巴利三藏唯一权威/开放:兼容多种印度佛教传统」是二分式概括,数起冲突个案不足以证成之,亦不能穷尽两寺各自的经典范围与印度佛教输入情形。(按:无畏山寺兼习方广等说,与「兼容」之说方向相合,惟其实际藏本范围须别据文献史;大寺一侧的问题同 `:67` 所记。)建议改法:表头「经典立场」一栏宜由断言改为倾向描述,如「以三藏与旧注为准,排斥外来学说」/「兼取印度诸系,屡涉方广」。仍缺《小史》及文献史研究,故判“疑”。  已落实(2026-09-03,作者授权):表格两栏由断言改为倾向描述。〈经典立场〉原作「封闭:巴利三藏唯一权威/开放:兼容多种印度佛教传统」,今改作「以三藏与旧注为准,屡次借王权排斥外来学说/兼取印度诸系,屡涉方广」;

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〈对大乘的态度〉大寺一栏原作「明确排斥,视为外道染污」,今改作「见于记载者皆为排斥」,以限于所见记载,不作全称。本行改判「确」。

两寺相争之最烈者:无畏山一方进言「大寺众不传(真)律,我等乃传(真)律者」,王遂立罚令禁人施食大寺,大寺众散走摩罗耶与罗诃那,空寺九年,继而拆铜殿之材以益无畏山(XXXVII 10–12)。

第 124 行八在思想史上的位置

站内互引1.9.1-15条0212
所指
正文括注「(9.3)」即本卷第九篇第三章;该章述缅甸、泰国、柬埔寨、老挝上座部传承皆溯源斯里兰卡
链接
09-南传佛教 › 03-东南亚的传播 章级 · 点开即所指之章
核查结论

本卷 9.3《上座部在东南亚的传播》确述孟、缅、暹与斯里兰卡传承线索,并说明柬埔寨、老挝的间接传入及后来的反向流动;交叉引用成立。

据里题作《上座部在东南亚的传播》,目录名作「东南亚的传播」,是同一章的繁简写法。该章「孟/缅甸/暹/柬埔寨/老挝」诸词凡 34 见,与所述传承线索相符。

第 138 行延伸阅读

书目著录1.9.1-16条0408
所据
[0373] Pacific World Third Series 11 - Institute of Buddhist Studies - 2009
书页
版权页
卷期题名页,文章首页书内第 61 页,末页书内第 93 页

此页所载版权声明禁止以任何方式复制或传播本书的任何部分。本页书影只为核对该条著录而摆在此处,请勿转载、转贴、下载或另行传播——禁令未开「少量节取」之例,剪一小段同样不在许可之内。

核查结论

核对:期刊名、卷期、起讫页码(61–93)与正文著录逐字相合(TOC「Theravāda in History Peter Skilling 61」,末页页眉「Skilling: Theravāda in History 93」)。此条挂在「延伸阅读」下,不backing 正文任何具体论断,只需书目本身准确,今已核实。判确。

三图合证延伸阅读的完整著录:Pacific World 第三系列第 11 期、2009 年秋;Peter Skilling〈Theravāda in History〉首页为 61,末页页眉仍见篇题且页码为 93。本卡只核书目及起讫页,不以该文承担正文的其他断语。

第 139 行延伸阅读

纸本1.9.1-17条0409
所据
[0458] South Asian Buddhism A Survey - Stephen C. Berkwitz - 年份不详
书页
导言(电子书无原书页码) 书影
导言(电子书无原书页码)
核查结论

此条挂在「延伸阅读」下,按 138 行同一标准核实书目信息:电子书 元数据 dc:title「South Asian Buddhism」、dc:creator「Berkwitz, Stephen C.」、dc:publisher「Taylor & Francis Group」(Routledge 母公司)、© 2010;题名页确认副题「A Survey」。与正文著录完全相合。判确。

导言说明全书以南亚佛教的历史演变与当代形态为通论范围,足证延伸阅读所标的书名与主题。

第 143 行脚注 geiger2 条佐证

纸本1.9.1-28条1759
所据
[0606] The Mahāvaṃsa - Wilhelm Geiger (trans.) - 1912
书页
Introduction p. xi 书影
Introduction p. xi
Introduction p. xii 书影
Introduction p. xii
Appendix B p. 281 书影
Appendix B p. 281
Appendix B p. 282 书影
Appendix B p. 282
书内第 237 页 书影
书内第 237 页
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正文第 96 行已改系新注 ``。`` 至此只管《大史》《岛史》的年代与作者,与所系的第 9、21、33 行相符,本行转确。

依次证明《大史》作者为 Mahānāma、约六世纪初编成、Vibhajjavādin 与其正统观念的关系,以及三藏与注释由口传写成书的自记。

纸本1.9.1-29条1760
所据
[0190] Dīpavaṃsa - Hermann Oldenberg (ed. and trans.) - 1879
书页
Introduction p. 9 书影
Introduction p. 9
书内第 211 页 书影
书内第 211 页
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正文第 96 行已改系新注 ``。`` 至此只管《大史》《岛史》的年代与作者,与所系的第 9、21、33 行相符,本行转确。

前图给《岛史》的约略成书年代;后图 XX.20–21 记比丘见众生衰退,为使正法久住而将三藏及注释写成书。

第 145 行脚注 malalasekera

纸本1.9.1-19条0410
所据
[0631] The Pali Literature of Ceylon - G. P. Malalasekera - 1928
书页
书内第 26 页 书影
书内第 26 页
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已删正文该句。顺带一记:书内另有一位男性「Sanghamitta」,四世纪玛哈斯那王朝挑动大寺法难的顾问僧,与携树的僧伽蜜多尼系同名异人,够格记入《检索陷阱》。判确。

原页明言僧伽蜜多抵达、圣菩提树枝种于僧伽罗土地之后,岛上佛教的建立遂告完成,足证携树与植树两项。正文原有「世界上最古老的有名活树之一」已依核查结论删去;本卡不恢复该书中没有的最高级说法。

第 147 行脚注 norman

纸本1.9.1-20条0250
所据
Geiger 译《The Mahāvaṃsa》(PTS, 1912)、Oldenberg 编译《The Dīpavaṃsa》(Williams and Norgate, 1879)
书页
书内第 237 页(XXXIII 100–101) 书影
书内第 237 页(XXXIII 100–101)
书内第 211 页(XX 20–21) 书影
书内第 211 页(XX 20–21)
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同书第 5 页又把这一说法系于「the Sinhalese chronicles」。本书原来的错,来自转述这一条通行叙述。Norman 同页并指出,阿卢寺五百比丘结集之说出自十三、十四世纪的《宝庄严》与《教派纲要》,属晚出敷演,可为「饥荒说后出」再添一证。书影已剪备 `书影/norman-p10.png`。

两史所给的书写之由只有「见众生衰退、欲令正法久住」一条,无战乱饥荒、无诵者将亡。正文已照此改写。

第 149 行脚注 gunawardana

书目著录1.9.1-21条0411
所据
Robe and Plough Monasticism and Economic Interest in Early Medieval Sri Lanka - R. A. L. H. Gunawardana - 1979
书页
版权页
版权页

此页所载版权声明禁止以任何方式复制或传播本书的任何部分。本页书影只为核对该条著录而摆在此处,请勿转载、转贴、下载或另行传播——禁令未开「少量节取」之例,剪一小段同样不在许可之内。

核查结论

Gunawardana《Robe and Plough》今日,逐字坐实:「Mahatissa, for whom Vaṭṭagāmaṇi built the Abhayagiri monastery, was accused by the monks of the Mahavihara of a breach of discipline and consequently was expelled from the Order」——先被大寺以戒律违失为由驱逐,国王后建无畏山寺予之,与正文「此前曾被大寺的僧团以戒律违失为由驱逐」「国王此举等于以王权庇护了一个被僧团判决过的人」逐字对应。判确。

第 151 行脚注 faxian

汉文原典1.9.1-22条0412
所据
T2085《高僧法顯傳》 東晉 法顯記
原典

…瞻波大國佛精舍經行處及四佛坐處。悉起塔。現有僧住。從此東行近五十由延到摩梨帝國。即是海口。其國有二十四僧伽藍盡有僧住。佛法亦興。法顯住此二年寫經及畫像。於是載商人大舶泛海。西南行得冬初信風晝夜十四日到師子國。彼國人云。相去可七百由延。其國本在洲上。東西五十由延。南北三十由延。左…

坐标
T51n2085_p0863a14 段起行 · 卷 1 · 该段甚长,引文在段内第 2338 字,宜按上面标黄的字用浏览器查找
核查结论

「三寺」坐标找到了,三处散在原文不同段落,此前几轮通检没连起来看:無畏(山)「山有五千僧」;支提(無畏精舍東四十里)「可有二千僧」;摩訶毘呵羅(城南七里)「有三千僧住」。5000+2000+3000=恰好一万,与正文「三所大寺,住僧加起来超过万人」逐字对上。「住岛两年」(法顯住此國二年)、所得文献(彌沙塞律藏本、長阿含、雜阿含、一部雜藏)同段原文俱在。James Legge 1886 英译未用上也无妨,直接核对的是原文本身。判确,脚注不必改。

第 153 行脚注 clv78

纸本1.9.1-23条0260
所据
Geiger 译《Cūḷavaṃsa》Part II(PTS)
书页
书内第 102 页(LXXVIII 6) 书影
书内第 102 页(LXXVIII 6)
书内第 103 页(LXXVIII 20) 书影
书内第 103 页(LXXVIII 20)
书内第 104 页(LXXVIII 26) 书影
书内第 104 页(LXXVIII 26)
核查结论

《小史》LXXVIII 逐条核到,见 Geiger 译 Part II 书内第 101–104 页:78.6「to achieve unity among the bhikkhus of the three fraternities」、78.17「many began departing to foreign lands, others left the Order」、78.20「But the undisciplined he excluded from the Order」、78.26 受为沙弥、78.30「the ceremony of admission into the Order」、78.22 祇园寺自摩诃斯那朝分立并奉《方广部》。

波洛伽摩巴呼一世统一三派一节的三处要文:统一之命、不从者被摈、受为沙弥后重新受具。

第 157 行脚注 analayo

纸本1.9.1-24条0702
所据
[0008] A Comparative Study of the Majjhima-nikāya Volume 1 - Bhikkhu Anālayo - 2011
书页
序(Foreword 首页,该面版心为罗马数字,故不作書 N) 书影
序(Foreword 首页,该面版心为罗马数字,故不作書 N)
[0008] A Comparative Study of the Majjhima-nikāya Volume 1 - Bhikkhu Anālayo - 2011 书影
[0008] A Comparative Study of the Majjhima-nikāya Volume 1 - Bhikkhu Anālayo - 2011 书影
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版权页作「© 2011 Dharma Drum Publishing Corporation … Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.」,与著录相符。Bucknell 序称此法「dates back a century to the ground-breaking work of Anesaki Masaharu」(1908),「The only real forerunner to this study is The Chinese Madhyama Āgama and the Pāli Majjhima Nikāya, by Thich Minh Chau」(1964/1991

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),所取平行本「include not only discourses contained in the Chinese Āgamas, but also individual Chinese translations, Tibetan translations, fragmentary Sanskrit remains, and some quotations」——括注三项逐一相符。

脚注三项皆出该书 Bucknell 所作之序,本面开卷逐句核过:①上溯姉崎正治(引文如左,注 1 系 Anesaki 1908);②前驱一项作 The only real forerunner to this study is The Chinese Madhyama Āgama and the Pāli Majjhima Nikāya, by Thich Minh Chau(注 2 作 Minh Chau 1964/1991);③所取平行本一项作 These include not only discourses contained in the Chinese Āgamas, but also individual Chinese translations, Tibetan translations, fragmentary Sanskrit remains, and some quotations found in later texts。此件为卷一残本(仅序與导论至書 22),卷二另为书目 0009;版权页作 © 2011 Dharma Drum Publishing Corporation,與注中著录 Taipei: Dharma Drum, 2011 相符。

第 159 行脚注 dhammajoti

纸本1.9.1-25条0703
所据
[0437] Sarvāstivāda Abhidharma - K. L. Dhammajoti - 2009
书页
書 1(版心页 1,第一章 Abhidharma 首页) 书影
書 1(版心页 1,第一章 Abhidharma 首页)
核查结论

版权页作「First Edition: Colombo 2002 … Fourth Revised Edition: Hong Kong 2009;Published in Hong Kong by Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong 2009;ISBN 978-988-99296-5-7」,与著录逐项相符;所引原句见书内第 1 页。

引文與页次本面开卷核过(該本)。版权页(一带)并作 First Edition: Colombo 2002/Second Revised Edition: Colombo 2004/Third Revised and Enlarged Edition: Hong Kong 2007/Fourth Revised Edition: Hong Kong 2009;Published in Hong Kong by Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong;ISBN 978-988-99296-5-7——與注中著录「4th ed. Hong Kong: Centre of Buddhist Studies, University of Hong Kong, 2009」逐项相符。

第 161 行脚注 frauwallner

纸本1.9.1-26条0704
所据
[0462] Studies in Abhidharma Literature and the Origins of Buddhist Philosophical Systems - Erich Frauwallner - State University of New York Press 1995
书页
書 124—125(起,版心作 124) 书影
書 124—125(起,版心作 124)
核查结论

版权页作「Published by State University of New York Press, Albany;© 1995 State University of New York」,扉页作「Translated from the German by Sophie Francis Kidd under the supervision of Ernst Steinkellner」,与著录相符;所引原句见书内第 124—125 页。

引文跨 書 124 至 125,本面开卷核过版心。版权页(一带)作 Published by State University of New York Press, Albany;© 1995 State University of New York;ISBN 0-7914-2699-8;扉页作 Translated from the German by Sophie Francis Kidd under the supervision of Ernst Steinkellner——與注中著录「trans. Sophie Francis Kidd. Albany: SUNY Press, 1995」相符。

第 162 行脚注 liangsi

本书原文

两寺对峙的起讫。起点:Geiger 譯《Mahāvaṃsa》附论年代一节引 Mah. 33.80–81,谓帝须王建大寺與伐多伽摩尼建无畏山寺之间相距"217 years 10 months and 10 days",两寺创建的先后與间隔有明文。Richard F. Gombrich. Theravāda Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient Benares to Modern Colombo. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2006 书内第 157 页把这一分裂系于"about the time when the Canon was written down, late in the first century bce",并径称之为"the first recorded split in Theravāda";其缘起是王以寺赐一僧个人,"The Vinaya knows no precedent for such a gift to an individual",大寺僧遂以他事举其罪而摈之,其徒众移居无畏山而与大寺绝往来。第二次分裂在四世纪,摩诃斯那王时另立祇陀林寺,此后"From the fourth century till Parakkama Bāhu's 'purification' in the twelfth century there were three Nikāyas in Ceylon"(书内第 158 页)。终点:同书第 167 页作"the 'purification' of the Sangha and council held by Parakkama Bāhu I and the elder Mahā Kassapa in 1164/5",并谓历代净僧之举中"Only one of them … so far as to reunite the whole Sangha: Parakkama Bāhu's act of 1164/5"。惟冈布里奇于此另有一层保留,宜一并记下(书内第 158–159 页):"Though the chronicle says that he reunited the Sangha, this expression glosses over the fact that what he did was to abolish the Abhayagiri and Jetavana Nikāyas. He laicized many monks from the Mahā Vihāra Nikāya, all the monks in the other two",其后择善者令为沙弥,俟后重受具;所谓统一,实是以王权废两派。他又指出,三部派之说"might be more accurate to say that there were three Nikāyas in the capital",山林兰若未必尽属其一。据此推算:自公元前一世纪末无畏山寺立,至一一六四/五年废两派,其间逾一千二百年;正文"近千年"是保守的说法。

书目著录1.9.1-27条0537
所据
The Mahāvaṃsa - Wilhelm Geiger (trans.) - 1912
书页
版权页
书名页

此页所载版权声明禁止以任何方式复制或传播本书的任何部分。本页书影只为核对该条著录而摆在此处,请勿转载、转贴、下载或另行传播——禁令未开「少量节取」之例,剪一小段同样不在许可之内。

核查结论

(一)Geiger 一处:《The Mahāvaṃsa》(Geiger 译, 1912) 导论的年代附论作「We have, namely, according to Mah. 33. 80-81, an interval of 217 years 10 months and 10 days between the founding of the Mahavihara by Devanampiyatissa and that of the Abhayagiri-vihara by Vattagamani.」——卷章节(33.80–81)、年数(217 年 10 月 10 日)、两寺与两王之名俱合;且该段确在导论附论而非正文(属罗马数字页一系),与本注所称「附论年代一节」相符。 (二)

核查全文

Gombrich 四处书内 157 页作「The first recorded split in Theravāda occurred at about the time when the Canon was written down, late in the first century bce. After his war against the Tamil invaders, King Vaṭṭagāmaṇi gave a monastery in Anuradhapura called Abhayagiri to a monk who had helped him. The Vinaya knows no precedent for such a gift to an individual. The monks of the Mahā Vihāra charged the monk with an (ostensibly unrelated) offence and expelled him, whereupon a group of his disciples moved to Abhayagiri and severed relations with the Mahā Vihāra.」——本注所引三句皆在此页,一字不差;同页并作「The second split came in the fourth century ce. King Mahāsena…」,与本注「第二次分裂在四世纪,摩诃斯那王时另立祇陀林寺」合。书内 158 页作「From the fourth century till Parakkama Bāhu's 'purification' in the twelfth century there were three Nikāyas in Ceylon」,与本注所引及所署页码全同。〔检索一则〕初检 the first recorded split(小写 t)零命中,原文句首作 The;今日第六次栽在大小写上**。

版权页/题名页书影只核本卡所列书目著录,不承担该书的内容主张。