John Newman〈Islam in the Kālacakra Tantra〉（*Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies* 21.2, 1998）
书页
书内第 317 页书内第 330 页
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2026-09-05 Newman 该文（JIABS 21.2, 1998, pp. 311–371 全帙，另附该期目次一面；书内 面加 309）。①「蔑戾车」所指：书内第 317 页，mleccha 本「denotes any foreigner who does not follow Indian customs, but the Kālacakra texts seem to apply it only to Muslims」，同页注 11 更直白：「With a few exceptions, one could accurately gloss mleccha as ‘Muslim’ throughout the Kālacakra literature」；
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时轮诸本并指其族属为 Tāyin（藏译 stag gzig），即大食。②末法战争叙事：书内第 330 页，迦尔吉王之战「will dismay the barbarians, thus establishing them in his own Dharma. He will eradicate their dharma, not kill them (1.15)」。③语境：书内第 314 页指 Yaśas 与 Puṇḍarīka 皆是托名，「an elaborate mythology devised to provide the newly created Kālacakra tantra with a suitable Buddhist pedigree」，时在十一世纪初；文末系于伽色尼的马茂德侵印，正与正文所置的年代相合。旁得：Newman 强调此战是两读的——外则为世界末劫的预言，内则为修道的譬喻，「the war on the mlecchas serves as an allegory for the personal transformation that is the main subject of the tantra」，蔑戾车之军喻嗔恚嫉贪，迦尔吉喻乐空之智，故称「internal Buddhist jihad」。这一层于第八篇第二章「应对是叙事化的，不是组织化的」一判尤其有用：连那场战争本身，在教内的正解里也是内向的。 本行另倚第七篇第三章与第四篇第一章的站内互引，不专赖本文。
按
①「蔑戾车」之所指：「denotes any foreigner who does not follow Indian customs, but the Kālacakra texts seem to apply it only to Muslims」，同页注 11 径以 Muslim 释之；②末法之战的剧本：「the war on the mlecchas serves as an allegory for the personal transformation that is the main subject of the tantra」，迦尔吉「will eradicate their dharma, not kill them」。
